Правила гри в алтимат

15. Оголошення фолів, недотримань і порушень

1. 15.1. Порушення правил через значний контакт між двома або більше гравцями протилежних команд вважається фолом.
   Коментар: Accidental Contact

   Non-minor contact that occurs accidentally is still a foul – it does not need to be intentional. In fact there should be no intentional contact in Ultimate.

   1. 15.1.1. Якщо гравець навмисно ініціює незначний контакт – це також вважається порушенням правил, але розглядається, як порушення (violation), а не фол.
2. 15.2. Порушення правил під час маркування або «Пробіжка» вважаються недотриманнями (infractions). Недотримання не зупиняють гру.
   Коментар: Infractions stopping play

   Play does not stop for an infraction call. However travel and marking infractions can lead to a stoppage if, for example, after a travel infraction a completed pass is thrown, after an egregious marking infraction, or after a contested infraction call.

3. 15.3. Всі інші порушення правил вважаються «порушеннями» (violation).
4. 15.4. Оголосити «Фол» може тільки гравець, по відношенню до якого цей фол відбувся.
   Коментар: Informing opponent of a breach

   If a breach is committed and not called, the player committing the breach should inform the opponent or their team. However play must not be stopped to do so.

   Коментар Стайнара (неофіційно!): Calling a foul on yourself

   Note specifically that this rule prohibits calling a foul on yourself. While it shows good spirit, it would also stop play, which may not be in the best interest of your opponent. Thus, you should instead say something like “I think I fouled you, do you want to call it?” without stopping play. However, this does not go for all calls; for instance, it is completely fine to call oneself out and just put the disc on the ground. In fact, 13.3 says you must call any turnover, as long as you are reasonably sure (annotation on 15).

5. 15.5. Загалом лише гравець з диском може оголошувати недотримання, називаючи відповідну назву недотримання.
   Коментар: Making Infraction Calls

   Only the thrower may call marking infractions, except in the case of a double team. For marking infractions excluding double team, if other players notice a marking infraction they may alert the thrower of this, however this call will have no effect. The thrower may subsequently make the call themselves, in which case the opposition should respond accordingly.

   Any offensive player may make a double team call, however if the call is not made by the thrower, the call should be made loud enough for the thrower and marker to hear. If the thrower echoes a double team call made by a teammate, this should be treated as the same double team call (eg the stall count needs only to be reduced one time.)

   Any opposing player may make a travel infraction call, however if the call is not made by the marker, the call should be made loud enough for the thrower and marker to hear.

   1. 15.5.1. Однак, будь-який гравець нападу може оголосити «Дабл тім» («double team»), та будь-який захисник може оголосити «Пробіжку» («travel»).
6. 15.6. Будь-який гравець протилежної команди може оголошувати порушення, називаючи назву порушення або просто виголошуючи «Порушення» («Violation»), якщо конкретним правилом не вказано інше.
7. 15.7. Якщо оголошено фол або порушення, які зупиняють гру, гравці мають візуально або вголос якнайшвидше повідомити про зупинку щойно вони дізнались про оголошення, і всі гравці по всьому полю мають повторити оголошення. Якщо гру було зупинено для обговорення без будь-якого оголошення, то вважається, що оголошення було зроблено, щойно почалася дискусія.
8. 15.8. Оголошення має бути зроблено якнайшвидше після того, як було помічено порушення правил.
   Коментар Стайнара (неофіційно!): Delayable calls

   There are two exceptions to this: Pick calls (18.3.1.1) and indirect foul calls (17.8.1.1) can be delayed two seconds to see if they affected the play or not.

   Коментар: Calling a breach immediately

   If a player who is unable to make the call recognises it, such as a receiver in the case of a straddle, the breach can still be called once the player who can make the call recognises it (ie the thrower in this example). However if, for example, the marker recognises that the thrower has established a pivot at the incorrect spot, they cannot wait until the stall count gets to 6 before they call a travel.

   In addition, if a player had a reasonable opportunity to recognise that a breach had occurred, but continued play as if no breach had occurred, they should not make the call later on. For example if the thrower establishes a pivot at the incorrect spot, and the marker starts the stall count, then once the stall count reaches 6, the marker should not call travel for the pivot having been established at the incorrect spot, even if they do not notice until the stall count reaches 6.

   If play has stopped for a discussion, a player can still make a call as part of the discussion.

9. 15.9. У випадках, якщо гру було зупинено помилково, в тому числі, коли гравець неправильно почув оголошення, не знав правил, або зробив оголошення не відразу:
   Коментар: Initiating a stoppage incorrectly

   For example, if a defender tells a receiver to stop play, but play was not supposed to have stopped and a pass to the receiver results in a turnover, the disc is returned to the thrower and the stall count would resume at “Stalling 1” as per rule 9.5.1.

   Extra: If there is disagreement over who initiated the stoppage incorrectly, then the disc should be returned to the last non-disputed thrower.

   1. 15.9.1. якщо команда суперників зберігає володіння диском, результат епізоду залишається незмінним.
   2. 15.9.2. якщо команда суперників не зберігає та не отримує володіння диском, то диск повинні повернути гравцю, який останній володів ним до початку спірного епізоду, якщо не застосовується правило 16.3.
   3. 15.9.3. Стол-відлік продовжується так, начебто відбулось неоскаржене порушення зі сторони гравця, який помилково зупинив гру.
10. 15.10. Якщо гравець, по відношенню до якого було оголошено фол, порушення або недотримання, не згоден, що порушення відбулося, або вважає, що зроблено невірне оголошення, — він може оголосити «Не згоден» («Контест», «Contest»).
    Коментар: Contesting a call

    If, for example, the player against whom the breach was called thinks that the breach was not significant enough to make a difference to the outcome of the action, they can contest the call.

    Коментар Стайнара (неофіційно!): What happens on a contest?

    Rule 15.10 doesn't say what actually happens after a contested call; you'll need to piece it together from a set of other rules.

    First of all, there will (nearly always) be a discussion; see annotation on 1.12 and annotation on 1.3.4. If no player changes their mind during the course of the discussion, the call will stay contested (no hard feelings about it!), and mostly, the state is reset to what it was before the throw: The disc is returned to the thrower if it was thrown (1.12) with the same stall count unless it was high (9.5.3, 9.5.4), everybody goes back to where they were (10.2.1, 10.2.2.1), then play restarts with a check (10.1).

    There are some more specific rules for specific situations:

    • Contested dropped pull: Repeat pull (annotation on 13.1.4)
    • Contested false start / offside: Repeat pull (annotation on 7.5)
    • Contested brick: Play from half-way to the brick mark (annotation on 7.12)
    • Contested catch after a “greatest”: Disc goes back to the “greatest” thrower, on the closest point on the field (annotation on 11.3.1)
    • Contested stall-out: Max stall 8 (9.5.3), an incomplete pass will stand (13.4.3), fast count must called immediately (annotation on 13.4)
    • Contested turnover: Follows general rules above (13.3, annotation on 11.4)
    • Contested goal: Disc stays with receiver, players go to where they were when possession was established (14.2 and annotation)
    • Contested foul: Follows general rules above (17.2.2), except:

      • Contested foul or violation while disc is in the air: Play does not stop immediately (16.2, annotation on 16.3)

      • Contested force-out foul: Stays with receiver if and only if they were not out-of-bounds (17.5.3)

    • Contested pick: Follows general rules above (annotation on 18.3.1); in particular, the caller does not get to catch up
    • Contested marking infraction: Play stops, completed passes go back to the thrower (marking infractions otherwise do not stop play) (18.1.2.1)
    • Contested travel infraction: Thrower must call “violation”, play stops (travel infractions otherwise do not stop play) (annotation on 18.2.5, 18.2.8)

    Remember that 16.3 always applies; if the call or breach didn't affect the play, and both teams agree, it stands anyway.

11. 15.11. Якщо гравець, який зробив будь-яке оголошення, згодом вирішує, що його оголошення невірне, він може відкликати його, оголосивши «Відміна («Retracted»). Гра відновлюється так, наче відбулося неоскаржене порушення правил зі сторони цього гравця.
    Коментар: Retracting a call

    If, for example, the marker calls a foul against the thrower, and after discussion the marker retracts their call, the stall count would resume at “Stalling 1” as per rule 9.5.1.

    Коментар Стайнара (неофіційно!): How is this different from incorrect calls?

    After recent (2025) rule changes, there's not a lot of difference between incorrect (15.9) and retracted calls anymore; the rules in 15.9.1–15.9.3 only affect the former, but the rest of the rule set give functionally the same result for retracted calls, due to the rules in chapter 16 (in particular 16.2).

    Коментар Стайнара (неофіційно!): Play on

    There is some confusion in that players will often call “retracted” when they should be calling “play on” (see 16.2.4.1). Retracting a call does not automatically restart play, and may have the effect of sending the disc back (see my comment on 16.2).

12. 15.12. Якщо під час одного ігрового моменту або перед тим, як гра зупинилась, відбулося декілька порушень правил, їх необхідно вирішувати у зворотній послідовності (порушення, яке відбулось пізніше, — першим, яке раніше — останнім).
    Коментар: Resolving multiple breaches

    For example, the marker calls an offensive foul on the thrower during the throw, then later a receiver calls a defensive foul on a defender during the reception on an incomplete pass. The fouls are resolved in reverse sequence. First, the receiving foul is resolved (here, assumed accepted), granting possession to the offensive receiver, then the throwing foul is resolved (here, assumed accepted), returning the disc to the thrower. The earlier infraction (offensive foul on the thrower) takes precedence over the later infraction (defensive foul on the receiver), resulting in the disc returning to the original thrower.

    If the disc is returned to the thrower, the stall count must be resolved as per rule 9.5.5.1.

13. 15.13. Гравцям варто використовувати сигнали руками (узгоджені ВФЛД), щоб повідомляти про оголошення.
    Діаграма: WFDF Hand Signals
    Коментар Стайнара (неофіційно!): Hand signal mnemonics

    Many of the hand signals are obvious (e.g. pointing down for “down”), but many are not, and some of them come from symbols. If you know these symbols, they can be easier to remember:

    • Violation: The letter V (for Violation).
    • Goal: Comes from American football, showing the two goalposts (the ball goes between them for a goal).
    • Marking infraction: Shows the marker trying to cover the thrower.
    • Timing violation: Uses your head as an old-fashioned stopwatch.
    • Time-out: The letter T (for Time-out).
    • Spirit Stoppage: The same, just upside-down.
    • Personnel Ratio: Female Matching: The shape of the ovaries.